Antarctic fungi exhibit remarkable adaptations for survival in extreme conditions, such as temperatures below -80°C. Extremophilic and cryophilic fungi thrive by developing proteins that prevent freezing. Notably, endolithic fungi live in rocks, forming resilient communities. Antarctic yeasts demonstrate adaptability through yeast–mycelium dimorphism, enhancing resilience in nutrient-poor environments. These fungi also impact aquatic ecosystems and hold biotechnological potential.
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