Fungi are vital to marine ecosystems, aiding in decomposition and nutrient cycling. Originally overlooked, they were confirmed as ocean residents in the mid-20th century. Marine fungi can break down organic matter, produce bioactive compounds, and form symbiotic relationships. Recent research also highlights their potential in bioremediation, especially in degrading plastics.
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Fungi in Antarctica
Antarctic fungi exhibit remarkable adaptations for survival in extreme conditions, such as temperatures below -80°C. Extremophilic and cryophilic fungi thrive by developing proteins that prevent freezing. Notably, endolithic fungi live in rocks, forming resilient communities. Antarctic yeasts demonstrate adaptability through yeast–mycelium dimorphism, enhancing resilience in nutrient-poor environments. These fungi also impact aquatic ecosystems and hold biotechnological potential.
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